Article: what is the impact of electronic communication on your life
December 22, 2020 | Uncategorized
How much of the autonomy is left when the workday is dominated by e-mail alerts on the desktop? Academy of Management Review, 23, 309-327. London: Springer. However the asynchronous nature of e-mail allows some flexibility in when to respond, and enables a sense of control over incoming messages (Mazmanian et al., 2006). London: Springer. (2002a). Participation equality and Physiological barriers, such as poor hearing, cognitive disorders, physical distance and language differences often limit communication … Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 529-563). 12, 225-241. InformationWeek, 17th & Bastianutti, L. (1992). In S. Kiesler (Ed. IBM Systems Journal, 38, 652-676. Walther’s (1992) Social Information Processing (SIP) theory formalizes the latter position. E-mail as a speed-facilitating device: A They can help fuel interest in informal organizational processes (Ashforth & Humphrey, 1995). (2000). Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies. C. L. Cooper, & I. T. Robertson (Eds. Specifically, the JD-R model proposes that job resources may buffer the impact of job demands on strain (e.g., Bakker, Demerouti, & Euwema, 2005; Xanthopoulou et al., 2006). Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 57-81. Development of a tool for measuring and Bakker, A. In fact, this is likely to be a fertile ground for miscommunication and in particular not noticing that miscommunication. One of the important outcomes of the JD-R model is that when both job demands and job resources are high, employees are motivated and engaged in their work (Demerouti et al., 2001). Grandey, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2005). When feedback is delivered by e-mail, the senders are socially buffered from their communication partners and that may make it less stressful (e.g., Bailey et al., 1983; Gallupe et al., 1992; Kiesler & Sproull, 1992). Furthermore, the smartphone facilitates to work long hours and contributes to a blurring of boundaries between work and leisure time. Current directions in psychological science, 7, 46-50. In M. L. Knapp, J. Orlikowski, W. J. ), Communication Yearbook 9 (pp. Mobile e-mail devices may affect social dynamics by enabling new forms of interaction and collaboration (Lyytinen & Yoo, 2002a; Pica & Kakihara, 2003). A 2010 study found that more frequent use of ICT (computer, email, cell phones, Internet) results in being more effective at work, but also generates increases in work load and the pace of work demands. It also makes delivery of news possible, which builds an informed society. Aakhus (Eds. However, the results of our theoretical overview are mixed and even paradoxical on some occasions. Psychology and Health, 16, 595-606. Confronting information overload. Geurts, S. A. E. & Sonnentag, S. (2006). The key ingredient of casual conversation “hanging out together” is missing in e-mail communication which requires intent and planning. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 12, 119-149. Examples are a high work pressure, emotionally demanding interactions with colleagues or clients, and an unfavorable physical environment. It is the shift of expectations and the “always on” culture that makes dealing with (mobile) e-mail an increasing demand. However, the access to online information is almost unlimited. ... Email is now the primary means of communication in the modern workplace. P. Vacations and other respites: Studying stress on and off the perspective taking in text. Communication Research, 19, 52-90. Illusions of balance and control in an always-on Frequently using a smartphone contributes to a blurring of the boundaries between work and leisure time. A growing body of evidence states that when individuals try to anticipate on the perspective, thoughts, and/or feelings of someone else, they use themselves as the main reference point (Kruger et al., 2005). ), Perpetual contact: Mobile communication, private talk, public performance (pp. �e�-V��7� �6�lQ�ԷY���^��!��i,� In the light of the JD-R model, we argue that CMC may moderate the increasing emotional demands related to emotional labor in facilitating emotion regulation online. Allen, D. K., & Wilson, T. D. (2003). In W.B. 3-32). Higgins and Duxbury (2005) also conclude that mobile technology is not helping us to achieve work-life balance. Lyytinen, K. & Yoo, Y. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 332-346. In other words, the assessment of another’s perspective is influenced by one’s own (e.g., Epley et al., 2004; Keysar et al., 1998; Nickerson, 2001). Egocentric empathy Organizations provide smartphones to their employees to raise the flexibility of employees and to increase productivity and communication efficiency. However, the shift towards online communication has not only brought good things in organizational life. This can lead to awkward situations. Additionally, it is interesting to explore the reasons why intensive smartphone users have the urge to stay connected during evening hours. Moreover, particular the impact of mobile devices on work is a relatively new research field, and the empirical studies handling this issue are relatively few. They showed that switching between tasks resulted in a delay before engaging in effectively in a new task, even if the worker had been previously engaged in the task. In addition, job resources become salient and have the greatest impact on engagement and performance when job demands are high (Bakker et al., 2007; Hakanen, Bakker, & Demerouti, 2005). ), Handbook of organizational communication: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. causes. Taylor, P. (2003). Another type of ambiguous communication in a task-oriented setting is the exchange of feedback messages. Westman, M., & Etzion, D. (2001). Communication networks and What does it mean for all users? In A. Kappas (Ed.). Another option is to omit (some of) the negative feedback - an option that is not always desirable or possible in an organizational setting. Green, N. (2002). In B. Lewig, K., Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A.B., Dollard, M., & Metzer, J. Thus, we are going to discuss impact of communication technology on business and personal life. information management of email. others know: Imputing one’s own knowledge to others. This is an interesting issue that may be examined in future research. Drew, P. (1987). Writing down emotional messages changes the intensity of the emotion because there is time to read over the text and reflect one’s emotional state (Fisher, in press). You’ve got e-mail… Shall I deal Berkeley: University of California Press. How Does Technology Impact Your Daily Life? So, people may find it less stressful to deliver negative feedback by e-mail in comparison to F2F because they are socially buffered from their communication partners (e.g., Bailey & Pearson, 1983; Gallupe, Dennis, Cooper, Valacich, Nunamaker, & Bastianutti, 1992; Kiesler & Sproull, 1992). Organization Science, 11, 404-428. the social implications of ubiquitous wireless e-mail devices. Relationship Communications of the ACM, 45, 67-73. Since e-mail is proven to be very practical in the exchange of documents (e.g., Sullivan, 1995) it has also become more common to deliver feedback on these documents by e-mail. Accounting for the contradictory In M. Lea (Ed. However, what happens if one receives excessive amounts of e-mail and if all the senders expect an immediate answer? This decline in volume might suggest that e-mail is more efficient in communication (see also, Rice & Case, 1983). Studying the use of mobile technology. For one thing, because everything has to be typed there is time to read over the message before it is submitted. The desire to retreat from stressful environments goes hand in hand with the desire to stay involved. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become mainstream in work life. 3., pp. It is evident that computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become very common in work life. 0 transparency: Biased assessments of others’ ability to read one’s emotional states. A. S. DeNisi, R. L. Dipoye, K. J. Klein, R. J. Klimoski, C. Ostroff, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds. Positive and Negative Impacts of Information and Communication Technology in our Everyday Life. Communications of the ACM, 45, 63-65. It seems difficult, if not impossible, for mobile users to maintain a satisfactory balance between work and personal life. Correspondence to: The projective way of knowing: A useful heuristic that It can lead to increased productivity, but that is often achieved at the cost of higher stress levels and lower employee satisfaction which in the long run can lead to impaired performance. In view of the fact that e-mail facilitates workers to be separated in time and place, the likelihood that colleagues spend time together at one place is decreasing. This overview intended to bring together the research areas of traditional e-mail communication, mobile e-mail and the JD-R model (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007; Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner, & Schaufeli, 2001). (Mann, Varey, & Button, 2000). Conflict escalation: Dispute ), Culture of the Internet (pp. mediated communication. Preferences for electronic mail in organizational Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 763-797. Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Sproull, L., & Faraj, S. (1997). Journal of nonverbal behaviour 26, 3-25. Todd Gebski October 8, 2015 . As a consequence people often find themselves unable to cope with an increasing amount of information (Chan, 2001). A. They concluded that the emotional impact of tele-working is concentrated around three main themes. Are intensive smartphone users aware of how much time they spend on work during evening hours? Therefore, resources lead to high employee engagement and optimal organizational performance. Executive control of new look at the interface between nonwork and work. computing view of mobile computing systems. E-mail: Derks(at)fsw.eur.nl. Most of the literature on CMC has focused on text-based e-mail communication (e.g., Byron, 2008; Dawley & Anthony, 2003; Friedman & Currall, 2003; Kruger, Epley, Parker, & Ng, 2005). The results showed that this is true at least for trying to communicate humor, sarcasm, some emotion or tone and regardless the amount of freedom they had in constructing their messages. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499-512. communication: Experimental observations over time. work. This implicates that a lot of miscommunication stays unnoticed. Kiesler, S., & Sproull, L. (1986). conformity. Culnan, M. J., & Markus, M. L. (1987). series). Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 402-413. Understanding Practice: Perspectives on Activity and Context (pp. Electronic mail and Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail An exploration of the emotional Another characteristic of e-mail is that it invites the sender to engage in short and shallow messages (Bertacco, 2007; Bertacco & Deponte, 2005). Miscommunication can be a source of stress because an employee has to take action to correct the message which automatically implies that extra time and attention is needed to handle the message again. In F. M. (2002). In the next section, we will elaborate on the differences between sender and receiver in how they experience e-mail communication. Many users report great pressures to respond whether or not they wanted to. (2006). Taken together, we can conclude that e-mail communication in itself is neither a demand nor a resource. Feedback messages can be considered ambiguous because they have an objective, critical component, but also a motivational component in the form of constructive feedback. Remarkably, the same opinion existed when the telephone was first introduced. Egocentrism over email: virtual office: perceived influences of mobile telework. time in teleworking. The motivational basis of organizational citizenship Written Communication, 15, First, physical distance is no issue on the Internet, in a fraction of a second one can interact with someone at the other end of the globe, where regular mail takes days or even weeks. Perspective taking Galagher, J., Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S. (1998). computing. nomadic computing. Unpublished Keywords: CMC, JD-R model, e-mail, job demands, mobile technology, smartphone. Rheingold, H. (2002). Weisband, S., Scheider, S., & Connolly, T. (1993). How we know—and sometimes misjudge—what The main reason for organizations to provide smartphones to their employees is to increase their communication efficiency and to raise their flexibility. 43-72). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Orlikowski, W. J. © 2007-2020 Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace | ISSN: 1802-7962 | Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University |, The Impact of E-mail Communication on Organizational Life, https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4233/3277, http://InformationR.net/ir/10-2/paper227.html, http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue3/bertacco.html. (1970). Information Research, 10, paper 227. Management, 9, 13. Journal of Organizational Computing, 5, 355-378. ), Culture of the Internet (pp. In other words we interpreted the results of the studies used to show which aspects of e-mail communication can be considered as demands and resources, and hence complicate or facilitate our working life. In other words we interpreted the results of the studies used to show which aspects of e-mail communication can be considered as demands and resources, and hence complicate or facilitate our working life. The managed heart: Commercialization of human Low cost: Electronic communication saves time and money. B., & Parks, M. R. (2002). Rosen, S., & Tesser, A. Organizational Change Management, 14, 539-553. Contractor, N. S., & Eisenberg, E. M. (1990). Ivey Business Journal, July/August, 1-5. Information Systems Research, 13, 377-389. Burnout as a developmental process: consideration of Renaud and colleagues (2006) argued that the costs of e-mail are disproportionally loaded on the recipient who constantly has to divide attention between e-mail and other tasks. But not only communication technology has made it easier, but faster too. Nonverbal cues in computer-mediated New York: Academic Press. Communication Networks in Everyday Life File sharing: Multimedia. A research question that should be addressed in future research is whether a smartphone is primarily a facilitator in work that makes life at work easier and eventually contributes to work engagement. However, many people have a natural reluctance in communicating undesirable feedback, which is in the literature known as the “mum effect” (Rosen & Tesser, 1970). That new technology changed the way we work and communicate in organizations is obvious. Paper presented at the conference on computer supported cooperative work, Toronto. McKenna, K. Y. Some of the earliest forms of communication devices included runners and … Goffman, E. (1959). Besides the lack of nonverbal cues that complicates the communication of messages with ambiguous content, in the subsequent paragraph the relation between egocentrism and miscommunication is discussed. The costs of e-mail seem to be disproportionally loaded on the recipient who has to deal with excessive amounts of e-mail and the pressure to answer these e-mails as soon as possible. Cooper, G. (2001). Fulk, J., & Mani, S. (1986). of electronic communication on social life at work. Mann, S., Varey, R., & Button, W. (2000). From 1980 to present day the advancement in technology has changed how families interact with each other and how household duties are done. The Internet is a speedy medium that allows us to reach a large group of people in one delivery. Electronic message systems in the university: A The JD-R model states that two different processes play a role in the development of motivation and job strain. Vile, D., & Collins, J. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. Sonnentag (2003) showed that individuals benefit from shorter rest periods that occur during the evenings of normal work weeks. In conclusion, we can argue that delivering negative feedback can be stressful and unpleasant for both the sender and the recipient. Additionally, an employee needs to engage in damage control in maintaining a good relationship with the “victim” of the miscommunication since the main part of e-mail communication is devoted to long-term relations (colleagues, customers). Availability anywhere, anytime seems to transform into availability everywhere and all the time (Brown, 2001; Cooper, 2001; Katz & Aakhus, 2002). American Psychologist, 39, 1123-1134. A relational perspective. Markus, M. L. (1994). In B. Ashforth, B., & Humphrey, R. (1995). Inherently in e-mail communication is the expectation that people can be reached easily and quickly, which is probably the reason why e-mail is rated as such an attractive medium (Manger, Wicklund, & Eikeland, 2003). Is almost unlimited in dialogue with colleagues may have emotional impact on the impact of tele-working is concentrated around main! Availability cited before can decrease work delays ( quick access to online information helpful! It lists the benefits of the boundaries between work and organizational communication: does saying “ hi really... Knowledge you need in order to improve the workplace of emotion and the employee, can also be related stress... 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