Article: north africa people
December 22, 2020 | Uncategorized
With the collapse of the Umayyad state in 1031 CE, Islamic Spain was divided into small kingdoms. In contrast, a modernist movement began by translating Western modernist works—primarily novels—into Arabic. [123] Thus, although a more limited diffusion of Arab culture and language was felt in some areas by these migrant minority Arabs in pre-Islamic times through Arabic-speaking Christian kingdoms and Jewish tribes, it was only after the rise of Islam in the mid-7th century that Arab culture, people and language began their wholesale spread from the central Arabian Peninsula (including the south Syrian desert) through conquest and trade. In ancient Arabic folklore, ghūls belonged to a diabolic class of jinn (spirits) and were said to be the offspring of Iblīs, the prince of darkness in Islam. The region has been influenced by many diverse cultures. [17][183][184] Arab Americans are found in every state, but more than two thirds of them live in just ten states: California, Michigan, New York, Florida, Texas, New Jersey, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The capital city of Algeria is Algiers. The term is also mentioned in Quranic verses, referring to people who were living in Madina and it might be a south Arabian loanword into Quranic language. Umayyads expanded their Empire westwards capturing North Africa from the Byzantines. [106] After his defeat Abu Muhammad took refuge in the city, which withstood an Abbasid assault long enough to allow him to escape.[106]. The Amazigh . Arab tribes, most notably the Ghassanids and Lakhmids begin to appear in the south Syrian deserts and southern Jordan from the mid 3rd century CE onwards, during the mid to later stages of the Roman Empire and Sasanian Empire. The Berbers, who refer to themselves as the Amazigh meaning “free man,” have long fought for greater recognition for their ancient ethnic group, their culture and language. Founded by Fatima al Fihri in 859 as a mosque, the University of Al Quaraouiyine in Fez is the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records[385][386] and is sometimes referred to as the oldest university.[387]. [93] The Christians of Italy and the Crusaders preferred the term Saracens for all the Arabs and Muslims of that time. Arab Haitians (a large number of whom live in the capital) are more often than not, concentrated in financial areas where the majority of them establish businesses. The development of sea travel firmly brought the region into the Mediterranean world, especially during the classical period. Textbooks in their language have also been produced, but they have not been officially approved by the internationally backed government. [76] Listed among the booty captured by the army of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III in the Battle of Qarqar (853 BCE) are 1000 camels of "Gi-in-di-bu'u the ar-ba-a-a" or "[the man] Gindibu belonging to the Arabs" (ar-ba-a-a being an adjectival nisba of the noun ʿarab). There are about 25-30 million Berber speakers in North Africa today with the majority found in … MADRID (AP) — Emergency services in Spain’s Canary Islands say 68 people from North Africa have been the first migrants to arrive in the Atlantic Ocean archipelago since authorities dismantled a squalid makeshift camp that had brought criticism and … Yes and no. The Tunisian coast is just 85 miles from the Italian island of Sicily. [69] The Arabs have their own customs, language, architecture, art, literature, music, dance, media, cuisine, dress, society, sports and mythology.[70]. [350][351], Al-Battani (c. 858 – 929; born Harran, Bilad al-Sham) was an Arab astronomer, astrologer and mathematician of the Islamic Golden Age. And these mingled with each other, and their name was called Arabs, and Ishmaelites. The kitchens can be divided into the urban and rural kitchens. Under Ottoman rule, cultural life and science in the Arab world declined. [264] Evidence of its first use appears in accounts of wars in 853 BCE. The three main regions, also known as the Maghreb, the Mashriq, and the Khaleej have many similarities, but also many unique traditions. Several dozen demonstrators were sentenced to jail for having brandished the Amazigh flag, banned from rallies by the army. Many people also speak English and French, however, these are not recognized as official languages of the region. Language, literature, gastronomy, art, architecture, music, spirituality, philosophy, mysticism (etc.) [53], More recently, the term has come to refer to the much broader linguistic group including all those whose native language is Arabic. Prasada Rao, N.V.K. Two distinct trends can be found in the nahda period of revival. The table below shows the distribution of populations in the Arab world, as well as the official language(s) within the various Arab states. The Arabic philosophic literature was translated into Hebrew and Latin, this contributed to the development of modern European philosophy. In the Levant (Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) main meals usually start with mezze – small dishes of dips and other items which are eaten with bread. Helping the church pray for the formation of networks of healthy, indigenously-led Churches, reproducing among every people group in North Africa. [238][239][240] The Arabs of Chad occupy northern Cameroon and Nigeria (where they are sometimes known as Shuwa), and extend as a belt across Chad and into Sudan, where they are called the Baggara grouping of Arab ethnic groups inhabiting the portion of Africa's Sahel. 1888. p. 514, Arabic As a Minority Language By Jonathan Owens, pg. "Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome", "500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile", "Canadian Arab Institute :: 750,925 Canadians Hail from Arab Lands", "Dutch media perceived as much more biased than Arabic media – Media & Citizenship Report conducted by University of Utrecht", https://minorityrights.org/country/cote-divoire/, "Why So Many Palestinians Live In El Salvador", "Lebanese Diaspora Worldwide Geographical Distribution", "El Salvador: Central American Palestine of the West? Unlike the Umayyads, the Abbasids had the support of non-Arab subjects. [55] The Arab diaspora is established around the world. He combined observations, experiments and rational arguments to support his intromission theory of vision, in which rays of light are emitted from objects rather than from the eyes. Africa, the second largest continent, covering about one-fifth of the total land surface of Earth. Based on this, in early Islamic terminology, ʿarabiy referred to the language, and ʾaʿrāb to the Arab Bedouins, carrying a negative connotation due to the Qur'anic verdict just cited. [230][231][232], Afro-Arabs are individuals and groups from Africa who are of partial Arab descent. #Amazigh #NorthAfrica #Morocco #Algeria. Along with indigenous communities in Al Husn, Aqaba, Irbid, Al Karak, Madaba, Jerash, Ajloun, Fuheis and Pella. Characters Персонажи традиционных религиозных представлений азербайджанцев Табасарана. [392][393] In Egypt, around 40% of the population marry a cousin. [58] The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–612 BCE), as well as the succeeding Neo-Babylonian (626–539 BCE), Achaemenid (539–332 BCE), Seleucid and Parthian empires. It is most closely associated with local Arabic-speaking populations. Umayyads expanded their Empire westwards capturing North Africa from the Byzantines. There are about 5,000,000 Native Indonesians with Arab ancestry. 463 629 58. But in the Sahara desert, you’ll end up meeting the Touareg touted as the ‘blue people who dressed in traditional blue clothes. For instance, in Morocco, you’ll find some of the Berbers living in the Draa Valley or the Atlas Mountains. In Tunisia precis… Here is some background on Berber communities that have stretched across North Africa since long before the Arab conquests: On Africa’s northwestern tip, Morocco is home to the largest Berber community in the region. [337] Nomadic religious belief systems and practices are believed to have included fetishism, totemism and veneration of the dead but were connected principally with immediate concerns and problems and did not consider larger philosophical questions such as the afterlife. They have a long distance between them. [117][118], Paternal descent has traditionally been considered the main source of affiliation in the Arab world when it comes to membership into an ethnic group or clan.[119]. English is however recognized as an official language in Sudan, Algeria and Morocco. Ancient Egyptians record extensive contact in their Western desert with people that appear to have been Berber or proto-Berber. One well known member of this religious and ethnic community is Saint Abo, martyr and the patron saint of Tbilisi, Georgia. The Qur'an calls itself ʿarabiy, "Arabic", and Mubin, "clear". At stake was control of the Suez Canal, a vital lifeline for Britain’s colonial empire, and of the valuable oil reserves of the Middle East. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 10:29. * Both Judaism and Islam see him as the ancestor of Arab peoples. [71][331][332][333] Many of the physical descriptions of the pre-Islamic gods are traced to idols, especially near the Kaaba, which is said to have contained up to 360 of them. Some years ago lawmakers created a major stir by talking in the Berber language in parliamentary sessions. [390], Arabic weddings have changed greatly in the past 100 years. As of 2016, the population estimate for the country was 40.4 million, making it the 33rd most populous nation in the world. Gods and goddesses, including Hubal and the goddesses al-Lāt, Al-'Uzzá and Manāt, were worshipped at local shrines, such as the Kaaba in Mecca, whilst Arabs in the south, in what is today's Yemen, worshipped various gods, some of which represented the Sun or Moon. Berber, any of the descendants of the pre-Arab inhabitants of North Africa. [248] When the Himyarite king converted to Judaism in the late 4th century,[249] the elites of the other prominent Arab kingdom, the Kindites, being Himyirite vassals, apparently also converted (at least partly). Rao and S. Yaseen Saheb, Affiliated East-West Press. Lal, P.B.S.V. [37][29][30] is the fourth largest in the world after those in Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan. Muslim North Africa: from642: The Arab conquest of Egypt and North Africa begins with the arrival of an army in640 in front of the Byzantine fortified town of Babylon (in the area which is now Old Cairo). Beginning in the mid-1980s, Lydia Canaan, musical pioneer widely regarded as the first rock star of the Middle East[323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330], Arab polytheism was the dominant religion in pre-Islamic Arabia. Within the people of the Arabian Peninsula, distinction is made between: Arabians are most prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, but are also found in large numbers in Mesopotamia (Arab tribes in Iraq), the Levant and Sinai (Negev Bedouin, Tarabin bedouin), as well as the Maghreb (Eastern Libya, South Tunisia and South Algeria) and the Sudan region. [129] In Jordan, there is no official census data for how many inhabitants have Palestinian roots but they are estimated to constitute half of the population,[130][131] which in 2008 amounted to about 3 million. "North Africa is vastly more uniform ethnically than anywhere in Africa south of the Sahara. Fulvio Cruciani, Roberta La Fratta, Piero Santolamazza, Daniele Sellitto, Roberto Pascone, Pedro Moral, Elizabeth Watson, Valentina Guida, Eliane Beraud Colomb, Boriana Zaharo, João Lavinh, Giuseppe Vona, Rashid Aman, Francesco Calì, Nejat Akar, Martin Richards, Antonio Torroni, Andrea Novelletto, Rosaria Scozzari. There are four principal West Eurasian autosomal DNA components that characterize the populations in the Arab world: the Arabian, Levantine, Coptic and Maghrebi components. In Israel, the Druze have a status aparte from the general Arab population, treated as a separate ethno-religious community. [273][274] It has been inferred from this plurality an exceptionally broad context in which mythology could flourish. Oxford University Press. Another center emerged in Baghdad from the Abbasids, who ruled part of the Islamic world during a historic period later characterized as the "Golden Age" (∼750 to 1258 CE). Arabic is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic Family. Somewhat later but better-attested are sites at Ternifine (near Tighenif, Algeria) and at Sidi Abd el-Rahmane, Morocco. Nine sub-Saharan nations — Nigeria, Eritrea, Sudan, Gambia, the Ivory Coast, Guinea, Somalia, Mali and Senegal — contribute the … However, Africa is connected to Western Asia via the Isthmus of Suez, while at the Straits of Gibraltar North Africa and Europe are separated by only 15 km (9 mi). Their last holding became known as the Emirate of Córdoba. If you own the copyright on any of these images, let me know in the comments and I will credit you in the caption. "Transcaucasia." Arab poets of that "Jahili poets", meaning "the poets of the period of ignorance"—used to recite poems with a high notes. Islam had a great impact on the culture of North Africa. One thing to remember is that many times a particular style from one era may continue into the next with few changes, while some have a drastic transformation. [314][315], A number of musical instruments used in classical music are believed to have been derived from Arabic musical instruments: the lute was derived from the Oud, the rebec (ancestor of violin) from the rebab, the guitar from qitara, which in turn was derived from the Persian Tar, naker from naqareh, adufe from al-duff, alboka from al-buq, anafil from al-nafir, exabeba from al-shabbaba (flute), atabal (bass drum) from al-tabl, atambal from al-tinbal,[316] the balaban, the castanet from kasatan, sonajas de azófar from sunuj al-sufr, the conical bore wind instruments,[317] the xelami from the sulami or fistula (flute or musical pipe),[318] [275], The most obvious symbol of Arabian mythology is the Jinn or genie. [415], The Coptic component is the main autosomal element in Northeast Africa. There are 171,000 in Cameroon, 150,000 in Niger[241]), and 107,000 in the Central African Republic. The largest ethnic groups in North Africa are the Egyptians, Arabs and the Berber tribes. North Africa is predominantly Muslim. The Berbers live in scattered communities across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania. [355] The book helped lay the foundation to establish surgery as a scientific discipline independent from medicine, earning al-Zahrawi his name as one of the founders of this field. [164], There are millions of Arabs living in Europe, mostly concentrated in France (about 6,000,000 in 2005[11]). [108] Algeria has the largest defense budget in Africa. A leading scholar in the Abassid Caliphate, his canon includes two hundred books on various subjects, including Arabic grammar, zoology, poetry, lexicography, and rhetoric. It peaks among Egyptian Copts in Sudan, and is also found at high frequencies among other Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Nile Valley and the Horn of Africa. [299][300], Arabic art takes on many forms, though it is jewelry, textiles and architecture that are the most well-known. These scientific accomplishments occurred after Muhammad united the Arab tribes. In 1962 north Africa and South Africa were both struggling against colonialism and apartheid when Nelson Mandela went to receive military training with the Algerian FLN in Morocco. Arab cuisine mostly follows one of three culinary traditions – from the Maghreb, the Levant or the Persian Gulf states. [citation needed], From 1517 to 1918, much of the Arab world was under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. The Abbasids were the descendants of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad and of the same Banu Hashim clan. [66] Following the adoption of the Alexandria Protocol in 1944, the Arab League was founded on 22 March 1945. In addition, Greece is home to people from Arab countries who have the status of refugees (e.g. [225] Among North Indian and Pakistani Arabs, there are groups who claim the status of Sayyid and have origin myths that allege descent from Muhammad. 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