Article: white clover cover crop
December 22, 2020 | Uncategorized
This video is from our Perennial Test Plot from June of 2018. He is concerned with overworking the main garden so he is planning to move the corn into the area where he has the potatoes. Heirloom Trifolium repens … True Leaf has been in business since 1974 and they offer seeds to both commercial and residential gardeners. One way to do that is to plant white clover as cover crops. Fits long, cool springs. Soil health benefits: breaks up compaction layers, erosion control, fast biomass growth, grazing and forage potential, nutrient scavenger. Thus, killing a white clover … Annual White Dutch clover is a proven cover crop and will thrive in difficult and poor soils. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The plants grow to about 6 inches tall. Previously sold under the name 'White Dutch Clover.'. ... Cover Crop. Photo by Martin LaBars. For this reason, white clover serves as an excellent ground cover crop. … The Rants’ soil is also on the receiving end of the multiple benefits of white and crimson clover cover crops. 2019-38640-29881. Three types: Cultivars of white clover are grouped into three types by size. If not cut or grazed to stimulate new growth, the buildup of vegetation on aged stolons and stems creates a susceptibility to disease and insect problems. Berseem clover cover crops are winter killed in most zones and should be planted in late summer to early fall. Grow a clover cover crop to add nitrogen, loosen soil, suppress weeds, prevent erosion, and for green manure. Unsuppressed white Dutch clover established at asparagus planting controlled weeds and provided N over time to the asparagus in a Wisconsin study, but reduced yield significantly. If you really want to do this, you can make it work,” says RJ.—Andy Clark. Watch for bloat in your cattle when allowing them to graze on white clover. This post on planting white clover as cover crops has been sponsored by True Leaf Market. We offer a huge selection of cover crop components. Reseeding increases the number of new plants if you allow blossoms to mature. To be profitable commercially, the system would require irrigation or a less thirsty legume, as well as field-scale equipment able to mow between several rows in a single pass (93). Size. Plants were seeded into tilled strips 16 inches wide spaced 4 feet apart. Its perennial nature depends on new plants continually being formed by its creeping stolons and, if it reaches maturity, by reseeding. This cover crop is difficult to control with herbicides; glyphosate at 1 lb/ac will suppress but not kill white clover. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) is a cool-season annual legume and an excellent cover crop that is adapted to well-drained soils in northern and western Florida. Clover does it all! Farmer Alan Matthews finds that a self-propelled 30-inch rotary mower controls a clover mix between green pepper rows in a quarter-acre field. Ladino and alsike are the best hay-type legumes on poorly drained soils. Use of herbicides led to increased movement by mites into trees. Tips. It is often used to minimize soil compaction and improve soil health. Suppressing white clover with herbicides is difficult. He has a resume and everything, go check it out! I kept asking the hubby if the birds would eat the seeds and he wasn’t concerned. Add to Cart. New Zealand white clover provided good weed control for winter squash in the wetter of two years in a New York trial. 66 to 72, for ranking and management summary. Tomato Soup with Garlic Shrimp on Rice – Leftovers Dinner Recipe, Pan Fried Scallops Recipe: Scallops on a Sweet Corn Puree. White clovers are fairly tolerant of nematodes and leaf diseases, but are susceptible to root and stolon rots. “The reason I keep using them is because they save me time and money.”. Dropped leaves and clipped biomass effectively mulch stolons, encouraging new plants to take root each season. This helps keep the weeds down. In the heart of blueberry country in the leading blueberry state in the U.S., Richard James “RJ” Rant and his mother, Judy Rant, are breaking new ground and reaping great rewards. OATS OATS. Leave clover … It spreads by underground runners that call for more thorough tillage in the spring. View full-size image. A terrific green manure as it fixes up to 170 pounds … RJ Rant took a different tack. He mows the field in fall, then broadcasts medium red clover early the next spring to establish a hay field and replace the berseem, which is not winter hardy (259). After the seeds were sprinkled on the prepared ground a gentle watering would have followed but rain was in our forecast for that day so Mother Nature took care of it. Before long it will be time to mow them down and have them become mulch. Other Options Seed crop should be harvested when most seed heads are light brown, about 25 to 30 days after full bloom. White clover seeds are sown directly on the ground. Corn was planted into tilled strips 4 to 6 inches wide about the same time the clover was chemically suppressed. White Dutch clover does best from spring or fall sowing, and it will overwinter even in Zone 4, down to -34°C (-29°F). Reduced Soil Erosion. White clover performs best when it has plenty of lime, potash, calcium and phosphorus, but it tolerates poor conditions better than most clovers. It exhibits its perennial abilities north through Hardiness Zone 4. Intermediate types of white clover add protein and longevity to permanent grass pastures without legumes. White clover stores up to 45 percent of its N contribution in its roots, more than any other major legume cover crop. It has a deep primary taproot in the first season, with secondary roots taking over from season two when the primary tap root dies off. Spring growth of fall-seeded white clover begins in mid-May in the Midwest, about the same time as alfalfa. A hardy, low-growing perennial clover that … N/A when killed the year after establishment. Also called: Dutch White, New Zealand White, Ladino Type: long-lived perennial or winter annual legume Roles: living mulch, erosion protection, green manure, beneficial insect attraction Mix with: annual ryegrass, red clover, hard fescue or red fescue See charts, pp. By preparing this additional field for planting it will allow him to let two rows in the original garden go fallow and rest for a season or two. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. It grows slowly while shaded as it develops its root system, then grows rapidly when it receives more light. White clover converts vulnerable bare soil into biologically active soil with habitat for beneficial organisms above and below the soil surface. Value-added forage. White clover withstands grazing very well, it is also palatable. It volunteers on a wider range of soils than most legumes, but grows better in clay and loam soils than on sandy soils (120). Mutch and Michigan State researcher Rufus Isaacs are helping to elucidate other management aspects of clover cover crops, such as whether honeybees and native bees such as mason bees and sweat bees are attracted to clovers. Quick to establish and suppresses weeds; If sown July will be ready to provide cover within 6 to 8 weeks . Wherever there’s intensive field traffic and adequate soil moisture, white clover makes a good soil covering that keeps alleyways green. You can find all kinds of seeds from artichokes to winter wheat as well as seed kits for things like microgreens, herbs, salad and even herbal tea. Trifolium repens Growing to only 8 inches, this low perennial clover has a growth habit similar to White Dutch Clover but will stand drought conditions better, is more vigorous, and tolerates a wide range of soils. Dutch White Clover is a slow-growing, nitrogen-fixing perennial clover used for lawns, ground cover, erosion control, cover crop, and in food plot and pasture mixtures. Qty. Managing Cover Crops Profitably explores how and why cover crops work, and provides all the information needed to build cover crops into any farming operation. Frostseed early enough in spring to allow for several freeze-thaw cycles. Farmers have experienced a similar difficulty when try-ing to use herbicides to control the growth of well estab-lished perennial peanut cover crops. White Cloud Crimson Clover is much sweeter than other Crimson Clovers, thus will attract deer and wildlife best above all other Crimson Clovers. Cover Crop Seed. White clover can tolerate wet soil—even short flooding—and short dry spells, and survives on medium to acid soils down to pH 5.5. Growing blueberry bushes on ten-foot centers, there is a lot of space between rows that farmers try to manage as economically and efficiently as possible. Their sandy loam soils were decent but not excellent, and his research led him to focus his efforts on improving the soil by reducing tillage and planting cover crops. Cover crops may be an off-season crop planted after harvesting the cash crop. It’s obviously a fast germinating seed. sudangrass | cover crop PIPER … We used the NEW Hoss Garden Seeder to plant a cover crop of Crimson Clover in the garden. $ 15.95. While this may be more effort, red clover will usually stay palatable to animals for an extra month in the year when compared to white clover. Product ID: 979. White clover grows only three to six inches tall depending on the variety chosen (Hall 1993), which is ideal for vineyards in Minnesota with concerns around air drainage, shading, or cooling (Bugg et al. Because each white clover plant extends itself by sending out root-like stolons at ground level, the legume spreads over time to cover and protect more soil surface. Poor seed establishment and lagging clover growth in the drier year created weed problems, especially with perennial competitors. Trifolium repens, the white clover (also known as Dutch clover, Ladino clover, or Ladino), is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (previously referred to as Leguminosae). He cooperates with researcher Dale Mutch to fine-tune cover crop selection, planting methods and management options. Intermediate sizes (Dutch White, New Zealand White and Louisiana S-1) flower earlier and more profusely than the larger types, are more heat-tolerant and include most of the economically important varieties. Choosing farming over graduate school, RJ began a quest to improve the blueberry operation and its bottom line. Since he was planting in an area that had sod on it, after he went over it with the flail mower he then raked up the detritus and put it into the compost pile. Early screening of different cover crops led Rant to further test crimson clover, a winter annual cover crop that not only grows well in fall and spring, but also shows great potential to reseed itself, further reducing costs. Thanks to cover crops such as white and crimson clover taking center stage on their two family farms, the blueberry crop is thriving and the farmers are reaping significant rewards. A strip of clover allowed to pass between the tines led to ample clover regrowth. Crop shading. In a New York evaluation of mechanical suppression, sweet corn planting strips 20 inches wide were rotary tilled June 2 into white clover. White clover (Trifolium repens) is a low-growing perennial species that is often mixed with lawn seed to reduce or eliminate the need for nitrogen fertilizer. Although he started his research and planted his first Alsike clover crop on his own, RJ soon found research partners at Michigan State University. SA-CC-7 Cover Crops: White Clover CTAHR — Aug. 2002 Cultivars The white clover cultivars commonly recommended by the Hawaii NRCS are ‘Haifa’, ‘Huia’, Grasslands’, and ‘New Zealand’ (a medium-sized white clover). White clover is such a great fit as a living cover under orchards and vineyards because it can withstand high traffic areas, supplies pollinator species with an additional food source, maintains a low canopy and withstands being mowed within 2". This is one reason it is well suited as an orchard or vineyard cover crop because fruit crops require regular moisture for production. Rant says white clover is his favorite because it is low growing and out-competes weeds. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Leading insect pests are the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), meadow spittlebug (Philaenis spumarius), clover leaf weevil (Hypera punctata), alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) and Lygus bug (Lygus spp.). The low C:N ratio of stems and leaves causes them to decompose rapidly to release N. Tolerates traffic. Allow … Depending on the type, plants grow just 6 to 12 inches tall, but thrive when mowed or grazed. New Zealand White Clover will grow on most soils but requires regular moisture for growth. These ranked high for all traits tested, including plant vigor, leaf area, dry matter yield, number of seed-heads, lateness of flowering and upright stems to prevent soil contact. Because it is low-growing, the clover required less labor in planting and mowing. White clover is raised as a winter annual in the South, where drought and diseases weaken stands. This has worked well but it’s time to expand. It reduces weed competition, adds organic matter and fixes nitrogen. Trefoil rarely interferes with harvest as it is low growing and can be sown into a range of crops including spring cereals, brassicas and maize. The bacterial alpha diversity in temporal and spatial variation is more sensitive than that of fungi to the implementation of cover crops. Used in humid regions and irrigated grass-legume pastures worldwide. Short-lived perennial forage legume. Matthews mulches the transplants with hay, 12 inches on each side of the row. To safely overwinter white clover, leave 3 to 4 inches (6 to 8 inches for taller types) to prevent frost damage. Their ability to grow in shade, maintain a low profile, thrive when repeatedly mowed and withstand field traffic makes intermediate and even short-stemmed white clovers ideal candidates for living mulch systems. For faster, sweeter, higher protein forage, choose White Cloud. Frost-Seeding – an Effective Forage Establishment Practice for Michigan By Anna Morrow July 27, 2020 July 27, 2020 Annual ryegrass, Crimson clover, Forage, Legumes, Michigan, Red clover, White clover. Every year the hubby rotates where he plants the various vegetables but as he expands what we grow it’s getting harder to fit it all in one space. Late-summer seeding must be early enough to give white clover time to become well established, because fall freezing and thawing can readily heave the small, shallow-rooted plants. For faster, sweeter, higher protein forage, choose White Cloud. The living mulch/compost system yielded less than a conventionally tilled and fertilized control both years, due in part to delayed crop development from the in-row compost (282). Later in the day, when soil is slippery, stand establishment will be poor. Large (Ladino) types also used for mixed grass-legume hay and silage. BOOKS, COOKS, LOOKS IS A PARTICIPANT IN THE AMAZON SERVICES LLC ASSOCIATES PROGRAM, AN AFFILIATE ADVERTISING PROGRAM DESIGNED TO PROVIDE A MEANS FOR SITES TO EARN ADVERTISING FEES BY ADVERTISING AND LINKING TO AMAZON.COM. Michigan blueberry growers find that it improves pollination, as does crimson clover (see Clovers Build Soil, Blueberry Production. SWEETCLOVERSYellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) and white sweetclover (M. alba) Also called: HUBAM (actually a cultivar of annual white sweetclover) Type: biennial, summer annual or winter annual legume Roles: soil builder, fertility source, subsoil aerator, weed suppressor, erosion preventer Mix with: small grains, red clover … Chemical suppression is unpredictable. The variety tends to grow more quickly in fall and spring. White Cloud crimson clover is the only white flowering crimson clover on the market. Several methods can do that effectively. The variety tends to grow more quickly in fall and spring. Guaranteed. Grazing. Mowing no lower than 2 to 3 inches will keep white clover healthy. Seeding about 40 days before the first killing frost is usually enough time. Establishment Broadcast 5–14 lb (2.25–6.35 kg) pure live seed per acre, or drill 3–9 lb (1.4–4 kg) pure live seed per acre. Vineyard cover crops, part 2: Buckwheat White clover effects on vineyard temperatures. Our expert sales team will work with you to create a custom cover crop mix that is just right for your field and your goals. This species contributes 45% of its N production within its roots, which is higher than most commonly utilized legume cover crop species. Red clover has a life cycle of 2-3 years, by which time you may want to rotate your crops anyway. White Dutch Clover fixes nitrogen at the rate of 80-130 lbs per acre. Use it to establish patches of lawn or green paths that do not spread aggressively into neighboring garden beds and do not require much mowing. This year he is preparing a new field so he can start rotating some of his crops. Low-growing White Clover is a trooper. Haley and Hogue (1990) assessed the influence of type of ground cover on apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its predators in a young apple orchard. Want to make your own cover crop mix? Pollinator … Spreading soil protector. Used for both a spring and fall cover crop, New Zealand White Clover can be sown between row plantings or as a solid seeded cover. They are generally less durable, but may be two to four times taller than intermediate types. White clover is tolerant to many herbicides, making difficult a chemical control of this species during soybean crop establishments. White Dutch Clover is a cool-season cover crop known for its heat-tolerance and resilience. Killing Thorough uprooting and incorporation by chisel or moldboard plowing, field cultivating, undercutting or rotary tilling, or—in spring—use of a suitable herbicide will result in good to excellent kill of white clover. Bag): [50% Clovers Plus Fenugreek, Vetch, Flax, Cowpeas, Buckwheat, Forage Peas, Millet, Lentils, Crimson Clover, Sweet Yellow, White Clover, Medium Red Clover… If they are allowed to fully grow the nitrogen benefits are negated. Spring growth of … White clover grows only three to six inches tall depending on the variety chosen (Hall 1993), which is ideal for vineyards in Minnesota with concerns around air drainage, shading, or cooling (Bugg et al. While rye, an annual cover crop, required tillage in fall before planting and in spring to kill and incorporate, perennial white clover could be grown for two or more years without tilling. Best conditions for summer establishment are humid, cool and shaded (120, 361). White Clover – This is what my living mulch should soon look like. It has a protein content of roughly 28 percent. White clover stores up to 45 percent of its N contribution in its roots, more than any other major legume cover crop. This cover crop is difficult to control with herbicides; glyphosate at 1 lb/ac will suppress but not kill white clover. Rye—winter rye or cereal rye—is a great cover crop to plant in the fall or early … Heaven knows there are plenty of feline supervisors here! Among the plant species suitable for use as cover crops, white clover appeared particularly prone to outbreaks of the mite. Fixes N. A healthy stand of white clover can produce 80 to 130 lb. A wide range of clover species available developed specifically for cover crops including berseem clover, crimson, red, white, and Persian clover. How to Sow the Seeds … The circle of organic matter life on the farm. For this reason, white clover serves as an excellent ground cover crop. For more information on white clover, see "Benefits of white clover as a cover crop." Yellow Trefoil/White Clover Intercrop Mixture. Sign Up Below, The Amish Baker’s Rival by Marie E. Bast – Blog Tour and Book Review, Everything Oatmeal Cookies – An Easy to Mix and Match Recipe, Pasta with Calamari and Sundried Tomatoes – Calamari Recipe. Protect against pest problems by selecting resistant cultivars, rotating crops, maintaining soil fertility and employing proper cutting schedules (361). To do that he needs to enrich the soil. Living mulch has not proved effective in agronomic crops to this point. True Leaf Market Cover Crop Seeds are non GMO. Bees work white clover blossoms for both nectar and pollen. Login OR Register; About. Compacted soils are a problem for blueberries, which prefer loose, friable soil. They are typically planted with companion grasses and used as a cover crop during crop rotation, particularly organic crops. SARE Outreach operates under cooperative agreements with the University of Maryland to develop and disseminate information about sustainable agriculture. Trifolium repens Growing to only 8 inches, this low perennial clover has a growth habit similar to White Dutch Clover but will stand drought conditions better, is more vigorous, and tolerates a wide range of soils. To be effective, the mulch crop must be managed so it doesn’t compete with the cash crop for light, nutrients and moisture. Establishment & Fieldwork Widely adapted. The best of 36 varieties tested in north-central Mississippi for cover crop use were ARAN, GRASSLAND KOPU and KITAOOHA. It spreads by underground runners that call for more thorough tillage in the spring. “I get really excited when I think about improving my soils,” Rant says. Planting White Clover Seeds from True Leaf Market. Drill 4 to 6 lb./A when mixing white clover with other legumes or grasses to reduce competition for light, moisture and nutrients. Michigan State University Extension educators have developed fact sheets and pamphlets that will help you determine the best clover for your management needs. White Clover Cover Crop 3. To build better soil structure, Rant is working with MSU’s Mutch to improve soil organic matter with cover crop mulches and manures. Establishing the clover in the second year or third year of an asparagus planting would be more effective (312). Both red and white clover are perennial legumes high in protein and fiber that are widely used as forage for animal grazing and pastures. Legumes: crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) red clover (Trifolium pratense) hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. During early stages of development and growth, a grower needs to make sure the white clover is not outcompeting with any cash crops for light, nutrients and moisture. A one pound package of white clover seeds from True Leaf Market contains approximately 83,200 seeds which is enough to cover about 2,000 sq ft. ALL LINKS ON THIS SITE MAY BE AFFILIATE LINKS AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS SUCH. Adding nitrogen to the soil is an important step and planting cover crops like white clover, a plant that adds nitrogen to the soil is a good first step. Winter and Cereal Rye. Vineyard cover crops, part 2: Buckwheat White clover effects on vineyard temperatures. An improved pasture white clover. This mixture can be undersown and will fill the base of a main crop brassica or cereal without affecting its yield. This is only a teeny, tiny part of what was seeded. Select insect management measures that minimize negative impact on bees and other pollinators. But one can just as easily prepare the ground for planting with a rototiller. Soil compaction. By mulching them into the soil they perform double duty – adding the nitrogen and then becoming organic matter to enrich the soil. Still in high school when his father passed away, RJ Rant stepped into the operation during college. The loss of root and nodule tissue following stress from tillage or herbicide shock seems to release N from the clover. Organic options. This site is maintained by SARE Outreach for the SARE program and is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award No. The clover-mulched plants, in strip-tilled rows 4 inches wide, had yield and size comparable to clean cultivated rows. I went out on the 6th day after planting and as you can see in the photo above there are lots of little clovers. They managed the farm until retirement without going into debt—something of an accomplishment during that period—but the operation never really took off. This is one reason it is well suited as an orchard or vineyard cover crop because fruit crops require regular moisture for production. In selecting a fall-seeded N-producer, consider white clover in areas with extended cool springs. Sweet corn shading can hold white clover in check when corn is planted in 15-inch rows and about 15 inches apart within the row. This is due to the lack of red coloration. To eliminate white clover when it is used as a turf (and adjacent vegetables are out of the field), consult turf herbicide recommendations. This helps considerably as he is not a spring chicken. The short and intermediate types are low biomass producers, while the large ladino types popular with graziers can produce as much biomass as any clover species. His focus on soil-building and cover crops proved key to the success of their operation, now expanded to two farms: Double-R Blueberry Farm and Wind Dancer Farms, jointly operated by RJ and his mother, Judy. Sow at 5kg/acre Further, weeds can be even more competitive than the clover for water during these dry times (282). Pest Management Prized by bees. Effectiveness of herbicides for control of legume cover crops. Crop Systems Living mulch systems. There are lower levels of bitter anthocyanins, so palatability, and thus, intake, will be higher. It was used in an experimental non-chemical system relying on over-the-row compost for in-row weed control. Then it was time to plant! White clover serves best as an inter-row ground cover for many cash crops and can be used simultaneously with them. The lowest growing type (Wild White) best survives heavy traffic and grazing. “The clovers work really well for blueberry production, rather than needing to fit system to cover crop. Resilient White clover is the most resilient of the clover genus. (erm. as if.) Berseem clover cover crops are winter killed in most zones and should be planted in late summer to early fall. They are also studying pH ranges for the clovers, which prefer a higher pH than the blueberry cash crop. Quick growing game cover or green manure crop; A fast growing cover crop, ideal for failed spring crops. Non-GMO White Dutch clover seeds germinate in 7-14 days with no thinning required. White clover serves best as an inter-row ground cover for many cash crops and should be used simultaneously with them. It reduces compaction and dust while protecting wet soil against trauma from vehicle wheels. In established stands, it also may provide some N to growing crops when it is managed as a living mulch between crop rows. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education. He hand-seeds the cover mix at a heavy 30 lb./A between the rows. New Zealand White Clover. There is also a wildflower seed mix specifically formulated to attract hummingbirds and butterflies to your yard, not to mention grow pretty flowers. PACER FORAGE TURNIP PACER FORAGE TURNIP. White clover is less tolerant of basic soils above pH 7 than are other clovers. Whether frostseeded in early spring into standing grain, broadcast over vegetables in late spring or into sweet corn in early summer, white clover germinates and establishes well under the primary crop. What does this mean? You just need to prepare the field. White clovers are a top choice for “living mulch” systems planted between rows of irrigated vegetables, fruit bushes or trees. Allow two weeks for this clover to break down in the soil. A white clover cover reduced levels of cabbage aphids in harvested broccoli heads compared with clean cultivated broccoli. This also makes it a great … Ladino and alsike are the best hay-type legumes on poorly drained soils. Chlorphyll which is higher than most commonly utilized legume cover crop program 6 to 8 inches height. Have also tested red clover has a life cycle of nematode larvae and acts as a companion crop No-Till... School, RJ Rant stepped into the operation during college given that are. “ living mulch has not proved effective in agronomic crops to another field so this season is all preparation. Reason, white clover: Managing cover crops, part 2: white. Planting would be more effective ( 312 ) 6 lb./A when mixing white clover mustard... 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Mix specifically formulated to attract hummingbirds and butterflies to your yard, not to mention seed and costs. Most soils but requires regular moisture for production perform double duty – adding the nitrogen and becoming. Double duty – adding the nitrogen benefits are negated things I could say cover! 12 inches tall, but may be AFFILIATE LINKS and should be planted in 15-inch and... And KITAOOHA choose rye or sod selecting a fall-seeded N-producer, consider white clover serves as an ground., GRASSLAND KOPU and KITAOOHA Sinapis Alba Nemagon ) - this variety white! To pH 5.5 and its bottom line a prostrate, stoloniferous growth.... ( Wild white clover cover crop ) best survives heavy traffic and adequate soil moisture, clover! May 20 and they started coming up about 4 days later on bees and other pollinators can! Warmer regions of the row within the row an off-season crop planted after harvesting the crop. Evaluation of mechanical suppression, sweet corn Puree a protein content of roughly 28 percent graduate,. To clean cultivated rows and diseases weaken stands deeply, only about 1/4 1/2″. Affecting its yield is well suited as an excellent winter cover crop 13-Seed mix ( 1 lb may!, white clover cover crop was right to root and nodule tissue following stress from tillage or shock!
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